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Fosterdiagnostik

Ultraljud

Kan användas för att kontrollera att fostret lever och vissa typer av missbildningar. Ultraljud (UL) görs rutinmässigt under graviditeten; hur många som görs och när de görs kan variera mellan olika landsting, men det vanliga är att man gör åtminstonde ett UL omkring vecka 17.

UL är en icke invasiv metod som anses vara riskfri för mamman och fostret. Inga förberedelser krävs, men det kan underlätta om du låter bli att kissa innan då en fylld urinblåsa gör det enklare att se detaljer. Själva undersökningen är smärtfri och tar vanligtvis 10-20 minuter.

Ofta får du med dig en bild hem av din växande bebis.

NUPP/KUB

Genom ett NUPP-test kan man hitta c:a 70% av de foster med Downs syndrom
NUPP eller nackuppklarningstest är en ultraljudsundersökning som kan utföras mellan vecka 11 och vecka 13+6, där man mäter en vätskespalt i fostrets nacke. Om den är bredare än normalt kan det tyda på ökad risk för kromosomförändringar. I kombination med ett blodprov (KUB) så ger denna medtod en god riskbedömning för huruvida fostret har Downs syndrom eller vissa andra typer av kromosomavvikelser.

Genom ett NUPP-test kan man hitta c:a 70% av de foster med Downs syndrom, och i kombination med blodprov/biokemisk screening så ökar det till c:a 90%. Det är dock viktigt att veta att NUPP/KUB inte är 100% tillförlitligt och inget diagnostiskt verktyg, utan endast en riskbedömning. Vid förhöjd risk erbjuds fostervattenprov eller moderkaksprov, vilka båda är 100% tillförlitliga.

En annan faktor är att undersökningen resulterar i ungefär 5% falska positiva resultat, d.v.s en indikerad höjd risk där fostret är normalt.

Fostervattenprov

Fostervattenprov används vanligtvis för att undersöka om det finns kromosomförändringar hos fostret. Denna underesökning erbjuds till kvinnor över 35 års ålder, om ett KUB test visat på förhöjd risk, eller om mannen eller kvinnan har någon nära släkting med kromosomavvikelse.

Provet, som sker helt utan bedövning och är i princip smärtfri, går till som så att en nål sticks in genom bukväggen och ett prov tas ut. Ur provet samlar man celler som lossnat från foster och fosterhinna som man sedan analyserar på ett laboratorium. Du får gå hem direkt efter provtagningen och rekommenderas vila och att undvika tunga lyft under några dagar.

man beräknar att den leder till missfall i 0,5-1% av alla fall
Provsvar dröjer c:a en vecka om det är en s.k. snabbanalys där man letar efter enbart downs syndrom, eller c:a 3 veckor om det rör sig om en fullständig kromosomundersökning, där även andra typer av avvikelser screenas.

Provtagningen påverkar i princip inte fostret men man beräknar att den leder till missfall i 0,5-1% av alla fall.

Moderkaksprov

Moderkaksprovet liknar i mycket fostervattenprovet. Det tas med en tunn nål som sticks in genom bukväggen in i moderkakan, från vilken celler tas ut för att sedan undersökas på laboratorium.

Provtagningen underlättas om din urinblåsa är fylld, eftersom livmodern då lyfts upp ur bukhålan, så undvik att kissa innan provtagningen.

Provsvar inom 1-3 veckor beroende på om man gör ett snabbtest eller en fullständig screening (se under fostervattenprov). Risken för missfall är i stor sett samma som vid fostervattenprovtagning (c:a 1 på 100).

Rekommenderat

Så farligt är coronoaviruset för gravida

Så farligt är coronoaviruset för gravida

För mer info och senaste nytt om Corona-viruset, besök vår temasajt om COVID-19. Uppdatering 200227: Epedemin orsakad av det nya coronaviruset (SARS-CoV-19) fortsätter och smitta har bekräftats i ett stort antal länder, men omfattande utbrott har hittills konstaterats endast i Kina, Sydkorea och Italien. Situationen i Kina verkar ha stabiliserats med en ... 3

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